COLORECTAL CANCER IN-BETWEEN CLINICAL APPLICATION AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: WHERE DO WE STAND AND WHAT CAN BE IMPROVED?
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains the second deadliest type of cancer with many causes resulting in a severe outcome. It is well recognized the higher level of cellular heterogeneity of colorectal cancer respect to any other type of cancer, which plays a significant role in its diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Colorectal cancer is a curable disease when detected in early phases, up to 90% when detected in stage I, but the absence of symptoms makes the diagnosis a problematic process. Thus, the understanding of the tumour dynamics, cancer genetics and the expression of specific tumour biomarkers is crucial for the cancer early detection. Furthermore, parallel studies demonstrated the determinant role of post-translational modification in cancer formation and progression. This review aims to resume and combine all the different aspects involved in colorectal cancer malignancy, important for clinicians and researchers to understand where we currently stand, and which improvements are required.
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