Incidence Of Incisional Hernia After Laparotomy

  • Beatriz Sá Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • Eva Barbosa Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit of Complex Abdominal Wall Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do São João, University of Porto – Porto, Portugal http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9285-3662
  • João P. Morais Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • Telma Fonseca Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit of Complex Abdominal Wall Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do São João, University of Porto – Porto, Portugal
  • António M. Gouveia Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do São João, University of Porto – Porto, Portugal
  • Silvestre Carneiro Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do São João, University of Porto – Porto, Portugal

Abstract

 Introduction: Incisional hernia is a common complication following laparotomy. We aim to estimate the incidence of incisional hernia during the 5 years post-laparotomy and, secondarily, to study the risk factors for its development.




Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients (age>18 years old) who were submitted to a laparotomy for general surgery procedures, between June 2015 and May 2018, in São João Hospital and University Centre. Variables analyzed, through univariate and multivariate analysis, included patients’ characteristics, surgical techniques employed and post-surgery complications. The statistical analysis was carried out with R studio and IBM SPSS version 29.0.


Results: The cumulative incidence of incisional hernia was 22.7% at 5 years, among the 1134 participants analyzed. In the multivariate analysis, we found that higher body mass index (OR 1.056; p=0.007), superficial (OR 3.001; p=0.024) and organ-space (OR 2.686; p=0.004) surgical site infection and wound dehiscence (OR 4.787; p<0.001) were independently associated with incisional hernia development. In contrast, transverse incision (OR 0.189; p=0.007) and layered closure of the abdominal (OR 0.503; p<0.001) were associated with a lower risk for incisional hernia, compared with midline incision and mass closure, respectively.


Conclusion: Elevated body mass index, surgical site infection and wound dehiscence seem to present as risk factors for incisional hernia, while the use of transverse incision and employing a layered closure of the abdominal wall are associated with a reduced incisional hernia occurrence. Efforts aimed at optimizing preoperative patients’ characteristics, surgical technique and implementation of effective infection prevention measures can play a crucial role in mitigating the high incidence of this complication post-laparotomy.

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Published
2024-07-29
How to Cite
SÁ, Beatriz et al. Incidence Of Incisional Hernia After Laparotomy. Revista Portuguesa de Cirurgia, [S.l.], n. 57, p. 101-113, july 2024. ISSN 2183-1165. Available at: <https://revista.spcir.com/index.php/spcir/article/view/1049>. Date accessed: 13 oct. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.34635/rpc.1049.
Section
Original Papers